Is It Possible to Travel Into the Future or Past

Time travel is a favorite plot device in science fiction stories and movies. Perhaps the most famous recent series is Dr. Who, with its traveling Time Lords who whisk throughout time as if traveling by jet. In other stories, the time travel is due to unexplainable circumstances such as a too-close approach to a very massive object like a black hole. In Star Trek: The Voyage Home, the plot device was a trip around the Sun that hurled Kirk and Spock back to 20th century Earth. In the popular movie series Back to the Future, the characters traveled both backward and forward in time. However it is described in stories, traveling through time seems to pique peoples interest and ignite their imaginations. But, is such a thing possible?   In Back to the Future a specially outfitted DeLorean was the vehicle that took the movies characters back and forth in time.   Getty Images/Charles Eshelman.   The Nature of Time Its important to remember that we are always traveling into the future. Thats the nature of space-time.  This is why we remember the past (instead of remembering the future). The future is largely unpredictable because it hasnt happened yet, but everyone is headed into it all the time. To speed up the process, to peer further into the future, to experience events more quickly than those around us, what would or could anyone do to make it happen? Its a good question without a definitive answer. Right now, no one has built a working time machine to travel temporally. Traveling into the Future While its not possible (yet) to travel to the future fast than the rate at which were doing it now, it is possible to speed up the passage of time. But, it only happens in small increments of time. And, it has only happened (so far) to very few people who have traveled off Earths surface. For them, time moves at an infinitesimally different rate. Could it happen over longer time spans?   It might, theoretically.  According to Einsteins theory of special relativity, the passage of time is relative to an objects speed. The more quickly an object moves through space, the more slowly time passes for it compared to an observer traveling at a slower pace.   The classic example of traveling into the future is the twin paradox. It works like this: take a pair of twins, each 20 years old. They live on Earth. One takes off on a spaceship on a five-year journey traveling at nearly the speed of light. The traveling twin ages five years while on the journey and returns to Earth at the age of 25. However, the twin who stayed behind is 95 years old! The twin on the ship experienced only five years of time passing, but returns to an Earth that is much farther into the future. Using Gravity as a Means of Time Travel In much the same way that traveling at speeds close to the speed of light can slow down perceived time, intense gravitational fields can have the same effect. Gravity only affects the movement of space, but also the flow of time. Time passes more slowly for an observer inside a massive objects gravitational well. The stronger the gravity, the more it affects the flow of time.   Astronauts on the  International Space Station experience a combination of these effects, though on a much smaller scale. Since they are traveling quite quickly and orbiting around Earth (a massive body with significant gravity), time slows down for them compared to people on Earth. The difference is much less than a second over the course of their time in space. But, it is measurable. Could We Ever Travel into the Future? Until we can figure out a way to approach the speed of light (and warp drive doesnt count, not that we know how to do that at this point, either), or travel near black holes (or travel to black holes for that matter) without falling in, we wont be able to do time travel any significant way into the future.   Travel into the Past Moving into the past is also impossible given our current technology. If it were possible, some peculiar effects could occur. These include the famous go back in time and kill your grandfather paradox. If you did do it, you couldnt do it, because you already killed him, so therefore you dont exist and cant go back in time to do the dastardly deed. Confusing, isnt it?   Key Takeaways Time travel is a science fiction trope that may possibly be technically possible. But, no one has achieved it.We do travel into the future all our lives, at a second per second. To do it faster requires technology we dont have.Travel to the past is also impossible at the present time. Sources Is Time Travel Possible?| Explore, www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id131.NASA, NASA, spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-space/time-travel.html.â€Å"Time Travel.†Ã‚  TV Tropes, tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/TimeTravel. Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Parable Of The Unjust Judge And The Widow - 1197 Words

Luke 18:1-8 â€Å"Will he keep putting them off?† This is the parable of the unjust judge and the widow – so they met and JC is talking about prayers right now. JC told them to show his disciples they should always pray and not give up. In one town there was a judge who did not care about God – so this was a very extreme evil person – you could not get worse. But a widow comes and said grant me justice against my adversary – but would he listen? He doesn’t care about God and he looks down on man so of course he refused. But then what happened? So it is that even though I am this type of person, I will grant justice because this widow keeps bothering me. we have looked at this many times but I hope we can look at this again today – we must always look at God and wear Him out – these are the 2 things – wearing God out and bother Him – so this parable is really great. Even this unjust judge listened when she kept bothering him so how much more will God listen – If you ask for bread will he give you a rock – if you ask for a fish will he give a serpent. But how much do we bother God? We also must wear God out like this. So why was the widow complimented – what was in the widow that JC praised her about? Persistence right? So it is that this widow was persistent – we have to resemble this – how much are we not persistent and we are just like lambs – there should be lambs but we also need wolves in us – when they bite they never let go – When we work, outreach or pray we haveShow MoreRelatedChapter Analysis : The Will He Keep Putting Them Off? 1197 Words   |  5 Pagesing Luke 18:1-8 â€Å"Will he keep putting them off?† This is the parable of the unjust judge and the widow – so they met and JC is talking about prayers right now. JC told them to show his disciples they should always pray and not give up. In one town there was a judge who did not care about God – so this was a very extreme evil person – you could not get worse. But a widow comes and said grant me justice against my adversary – but would he listen? He doesn’t care about God and he looks down on manRead MoreThe Reward Of Persistence Of Prayer1839 Words   |  8 Pagesseeks shall find; and to him that knocked it shall be opened.† Luke 18:1-5 â€Å"And he spoke a parable unto them to this end, that men ought always to pray, and not to faint. Jesus use this illustration through parables or storytelling. He tells of an unjust judge and a widow whom persistence payed off. There was in a city a judge, which feared not God, neither cared what people thought. There was a widow in that city who kept coming to him and pled, â€Å"Grant me justice against my adversary. AndRead MoreFaith And The Gospel Of Mark1514 Words   |  7 Pages(17:19); and the woman who people called a sinner in the city (7:37). Salvation is seen throughout Luke as well as faith (Edmond 5). The disciples ask Jesus to â€Å"Increase [their] faith† (17:5) but instead, Jesus tells â€Å"them a parable about a widow who pleaded with an unjust judge.† (Edmond 5). Jesus didn’t really have a complete answer, he just stated, â€Å"†¦when the Son of Man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth?† (Luke 18:8). Faith is seen the last time in Luke during â€Å"the last supper, [when] JesusRead MoreProphet Isaiah6790 Words   |  28 Pagescorrupt condition of Jerusalem is described, for the ‘faithful’ city has become a ‘harlot’ (Isaiah 1:21). The city is full of murderers| |and rebellious princes who care not for the widows and fatherless, but only rewards and bribes (Isaiah 1:23). The Lord promises to purge | |the city of His enemies and restore good judges and counselors, that she might once again be the ‘faithful’ city. Those who repent will see| |Zion redeemed with justice and righteousness, but those who continue to forsake theRead MoreProphet Isaiah6780 Words   |  28 Pagescorrupt condition of Jerusalem is described, for the ‘faithful’ city has become a ‘harlot’ (Isaiah 1:21). The city is full of murderers| |and rebellious princes who care not for the widows and fatherless, but only rewards and bribes (Isaiah 1:23). The Lord promises to purge | |the city of His enemies and restore good judges and counselors, that she might once again be the ‘faithful’ city. Those who repent will see| |Zion redeemed with justice and righteousness, but those who continue to forsake theRead MoreThe Ethical Teachings of Jesus7860 Words   |  32 PagesJesus have often been taken for rules which were meant only as striking statements of a principle; for example, Whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. If any proof be needed that this was not meant as a rule, let us judge of the Saviours meaning from the course which he himself pursued, for he, as we have said before, is the one teacher whose example never fell short of his precepts. When one of the high priests officers struck him at the trial, we do not read thatRead MoreWe Must Obey Our Elders17194 Words   |  69 PagesFOOLS in the Darkness of Ignorance. (See: Is Ignorance Bliss) Therefore, we could say that they are Temporarily Blest with Material Wealth; but, certain Material Wealth is not necessarily the True Riches, which only come from God, who is the Just Judge and Rewarder, who will Repay us during Eternity: beCause he has all of Eternity to get his Justice. Therefore, â€Å"Many People who are First in this World will be the Last in the World to come, and the Last will be the First,† as Jesus Warned. (See MatthewRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagessometimes, more generally, any sacrifice offer joyless sacrifice to drive out evil spirits deposit joyless sacrifice roughly-woven basket containing joyless sacrifice Nile Perch, the largest fish in the area (Lates niloticus) smaller sized à  jà   widower; widow widow widower 12 à  jà   2. à  jà  dà ¹ nkÃ… Ã¯â‚¬ §lá »  à  jà   n. à  jà  dà ¹ nwaà  nyà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ à  jà  du nwokà ¨, Igbo Dictionary: KayWilliamson. Draft of Edition II ajá »â€¹ 1. à  jà  du nwokÄ“ n. ajá »â€¹ 2. ajà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ 1. ajà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ 2. -kpà  cha ajá »â€¹ -kpà  cha ajá »â€¹ anÃ… «Ã¯â‚¬ § n. ajá »â€¹ iyÄ « n. n. ajà ¬Ã¯â‚¬ ¬ enyÄ « ajiÄ «

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Free Essays

string(101) " that it needs to be taken care of by giving the person anticonvulsant drugs since there is no cure\." Final Paper: â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down† By: Anne Fadiman Meghan Maloney 26 April 2013 To understand the struggles that the Hmong people face living in America it is important to understand where they come from and what they have gone through. The majority of the Hmong people originate from the mountainous country of Laos. The mountains created isolation from the neighboring cultures and cultivated a clan identity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were part of a society where everyone worked together and lived off the land. They also practiced oral tradition since they could not read or write any language. Unfortunately, in the 1960’s Laos became the battlefield for the Vietnam War. The land was destroyed and the Hmong were forced to move or fight. Many evacuated while many were trained and armed by the U. S. as a secret guerrilla army. During this time of war, the Hmong lost all self-sufficiency, and became dependent on the U. S. for food as well as survival. An exodus of Hmong from Laos to Thailand was the death of many. The Hmong were hunted and forced to leave everything behind. The clan identity was left behind as well for it was everyman for himself. Those that were lucky enough to make it to Thailand were faced with assimilation. The Hmong saw assimilation as an insult and a threat to their culture. In order to resist oppression, the Hmong took the United State’s promise of land and government support, and moved to America. Still resisting assimilation in the U. S. , the Hmong were faced with culture shock. One of the biggest differences between Hmong culture and American culture is the practice of medicine. Anne Fadiman in â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down† tells this clash as the story of Lia Lee and her American doctors. Lia Lee is a Hmong child that was born in the U. S. n July 19, 1982, after her parents, Foua and Nao Kao Lee, moved to America. She was delivered at a hospital in Merced, California they way Americans think is normal-on a metal table, scissors to snip the placenta, washing the baby with soap, and putting the baby in a heated box. Normal childbirth for the Hmong would be the mother pulling the baby out herself in silence on the dirt floor of their hut and then bur ying the placenta under the house. The Hmong believe that when you die your soul will come back to get your placenta. When Lia was three months old, her sister, Yer, slammed the front door in her face. Moments later Lia’s eyes rolled up, her arms flailed over her head, and she fainted. Lia’s parents believe that the noise of the door had been so frightening that her soul fled her body and became lost. The resulting symptoms are recognized as Quag Dab Peg, â€Å"The spirit catches you and you fall down†. Having Quag Dab Peg gives the person the power to perceive things others cannot see, and is a prerequisite for the journey into the realm of the unseen. Quag Dab Peg is considered an honor and blessing in Hmong culture. It allows the person the opportunity of becoming a txiv neeb, or spirit healer. It also confers an enormous amount of social status in the community because the txiv neeb is seen as a person of high moral character since the spirit chose them. In Hmong culture, saving face is of high importance. Foua and Nao Kao Lee brought Lia to Merced Community Medical Center (MCMC) after she had 20 of what Americans call seizures. At times, the Lees believed that Lia’s epilepsy wasn’t as much of a medical problem as a gift. The Hmong believed in shamanistic animism, which asserts that malevolent spirits are constantly seeking human souls, especially those of vulnerable or unloved children. Their hope was that if the spirits decided to keep hold of Lia, that long-term she would become a tvix neeb, and if she did not become a tvix neeb, then their hope was that the sickness would be short-term. The American doctors in MCMC view the Hmong as problematic patients and were not empathetic with the traditional Hmong lifestyles. Because there are no interpreters, communication is always an issue, they bring lots of family members with them as well as animals, and they make loud noises. When Foua and Nao Kao arrived at MCMC Lia had stopped seizing and was coughing. The doctors were forced to as they put it â€Å"practice veterinary medicine† since they couldn’t talk with the Lees, and treated Lia for her cough. They diagnosed Lia with early bronchiopneumonia because she exhibited those symptoms. The doctors had no way of knowing that the bronchial congestion was caused by aspiration of saliva or vomit during her seizure without trying to communicate with the Lees. The doctors put a pen and paper in front of the Lees and had them scribble on it. The doctors assumed the Lees would be able to buy and administer the medications that the paper described in detail. In reality the Lees had no idea what they just signed and walked out. This same situation happened a few more times until one time the Lees brought Lia in when she was still seizing and Dr. Dan Murphy was on shift. Dr. Murphy had some knowledge of the Hmong and could certainly diagnose her with epilepsy. In Hmong-English dictionaries Quad Dab Peg translates to epilepsy. Lees parents and the American doctors both knew what disease she had but to different cultures it meant different things. As stated above, in Hmong culture it was a privilege and was caused by Lia losing her soul. In American culture, we believe epilepsy is caused by a sporadic malfunction of the brain due to a head injury, tumor, infection, etc. We view it as a disease and that it needs to be taken care of by giving the person anticonvulsant drugs since there is no cure. You read "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" in category "Papers" This is just what Dr. Murphy did. Lia was discharged with specific instructions on what medications to take, how much of each, and what time of day they were to be taken. Considering Hmong don’t have the same time keeping system as Americans, can’t read, don’t know how to measure medicine, and don’t believe in all this medication, Lia did not receive any medication. The Lees believed a txiv neeb could help Lia, so they had one come over and sacrificed a cow for her. It did not help and the American doctors continued to see Lia not getting better when her parents kept bringing her to MCMC. The American doctors thought that because Lia had no levels of medication in her blood her parents were guilty of child abuse. If they would have seen how much the Lees loved and cared for Lia at home they would have known this was not the case. Instead, they got the government involved and took Lia from the Lees and sent her to a foster home. The Lees welcomed Lia home after a year apart and lots of work with a social worker, Jeanine, whom was very interested in the Hmong and helped with administering the seizure medications. Hmong have many customs and folkways that are contradicted by those of the American mainstream and medical communities; for example, upon Lia’s arrival home her parents sacrificed a cow to propitiate ancestors and cure her illness. They performed traditional Hmong medial practices like coin rubbing, pinching Lia, gave her an herb necklace, and tried changing Lia’s name so that the spirit would leave her body and not be able to find her. On Nov. 25, 1986 not long after being home, Lia had another seizure episode. After ten minutes had passed, Foua and Nao Kao got in touch with their nephew who could speak enough English to get an ambulance. By calling for an ambulance Lia was given more attention upon arrival in the emergency room, but it delayed her treatment. Lia continued to seize for two hours and was barely breathing. A twenty-minute bout of status elipticus is considered life threatening. Lia was transferred to Fresno Intensive Care Unit for Pediatrics. Foua and Nao Kao thought that Lia was being transferred because the doctor at MCMC was going on vacation, but in fact it was because Fresno had a pediatric unit. At Fresno Lia was diagnosed with septic shock, the result of a bacterial invasion of the circulatory system that triggers the failure of one organ after another starting with the lungs and then moving to the brain. She also developed a condition in which her blood cannot clot. Lia’s EEG was flat. She had no brain activity left. The doctors decided to discontinue the anticonvulsants because she was dead to them. The doctors explained that her seizure medicines lowered her immune system responses, which allowed a bacterium to take over and stop brain activity. Foua and Nao Kao were somewhat right; the doctors were giving too much medicine and not enough neeb. It is most likely though that if the Lees were still in Laos, Lia would have died before she was out of her infancy, from a prolonged bout of untreated status epilepticus. Foua and Nao Kao finally got permission to bring their daughter home as they had been insisting the whole time. Lia went home on Dec. , 1986 as a quadriplegic, spastic, incontinent, incapable of purposeful movement, and in a persistent vegetative state. To Lia’s parents she went home as their little princess that they loved with all their heart. At home, Lia’s parents adored her and never left her side. They fed her teas from powdered roots and herbs, made several pig sacrifices, and bathed and dressed her multiple times a day. Because of the quality care Lia was receiving, she was stable and her medical check-ups decreased. Lia did not die but did not recover. Examination of this unfortunate story of a clash of two cultures has led to the discovery of what can be done to facilitate cooperation between cultures. Dr. Arthur Kleinman from Harvard Medical School designed a series of eight questions to elicit a patient’s explanatory model and enable the understanding of other cultures. The questions include: â€Å"What do you call the problem? Why do you think it started when it did? What kind of treatment do you think the patient should receive? What do you fear most about the sickness? If the doctors at MCMC had taken the time to find a translator and sit down with the Lees to ask these questions, Lia might not be in a vegetative state. Other suggestions that could have aided in cooperation between the doctors and patients are female doctors for female patients, involvement of the patient’s families in all decisions, the use of interpreters who are both bilingual and bicultural, and the practice of conjoint treatment. The doctor using Western allopathic medicine can cure the disease but the indigenous healer heals the illness. This strategy promotes trust between the cultures. One person’s worldviews should not dominate another’s because they feel it is right. We need to realize our view of reality is only a view, not reality itself. In the U. S. , the medical community rarely has ways to communicate with people of cultures so radically different from mainstream American culture; even a good translator will find it difficult interpreting concepts between the two different cultures’ world-concepts. Doctors need to be able to transcend culture and practice cultural responsiveness where they listen to patients and respond to them both as members of their cultures and as un-stereotyped individuals. A whole doctor-whole-patient approach is imperative: Ask not what disease the person has but rather what person the disease has. I am glad to hear that we have been moving in this direction as an American culture since 1995. Medicine in the U. S has been teaching students to separate emotions from the patient; dissociation is part of the job. In the last decade, efforts have been made to correct this way of thinking, and realize you are treating another human being not a universifiable body. Classes incorporating culture studies are being required as part of medical school and undergraduate school curriculum as well. How to cite The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, Papers

Management Skills

Question: Write an essay about the "Management Skills". Answer: Introduction In the twenty first century, the role of managers in an organization is very fundamental. This paper is mainly focusing on the required skills of the managers that requires for running the business of an organization smoothly. To manage the day to day business of the company smoothly, the managers has to utilize his management skills properly. Managers always have to be ethical to their work and to adopt the decision about any issues of the company ethically. They should takes the appropriate decisions that not only helps the company but also he have to understand the employees perspective also (Hazlitt, et al, 2011). Problem solving skills and taking proper decision in the proper time by the managers helps the company to improve their performance. Proper communication skill is also a needed skill for the managers. A good manager has to be a good leader. Motivating the employees to their work is also a good skill of the managers. They have to maintain a good relation with their emplo yees. For better understandings of the managers skills, two situations are analyzed in this paper. In both the cases the observing and proper decision taking capabilities of managers helps the company to control the situation efficiently. Qualities of a manager The qualities a manager should possess in the organization in the twenty-first century are numerous and varied but most of them are part of the repertoire of any manager of any organization of any size. So by managers we mean the people that are responsible for the actions of the workers of the organization and directly interact with the employees. So the manager is the part of the organization that takes care of the whole process of the organization and continuous operations of the organization. The first quality a manager should possess is the quality of observation. A manager needs to be observant to the operations of the organization and the role played y each and every employee of the organization so that he can take care of the work ethics of the organization. So the observation of the employees is a vital skill that helps the manager in the allocation of duties. So he has a clear idea of what is right or wrong in the organization and the clear understanding of the culture of t he organization. So the quality is important for a manager to have as he will be able to spot any breach of organizational policy in the organization (Belker and Topchik, 2005). Except for the observation the other quality a manager should possess is the ability to discern the skill level of the different employees of the organization so that he can understand the skills required for the employees to do any specific duties so he will be aware of the qualities of the staff and the skills of an individual and their ability to accomplish task will help the manger decide if they are capable of the duties given to them or not. There is also the point of making the job challenging and pushing the boundaries of the skills of the employees to make them grow which is also one of the responsibilities of the manger that cannot be done without the skill to discern their abilities and this will also help the manager decide if the employee is using his potential and the organization is getting the full effort of the employee or not (Blanchard, Zigarmi and Zigarmi, 1985). In the Richmond case the employee who was not valuable to the organization was instantly dismissed from the organization but the same manager of the organization is thinking about the decision carefully when a much more valuable employee of the organization Henry the chief of operations commits a similar crime by breaching the protocol of the company. In the same way in the sharp styles case the employees that took sick leave from the organization are making the manager worried because she knows that the employees are valuable for the organization and any disciplinary step on the employees will reflect badly upon her as she will be held responsible for the drop of performance of the organization (Hazlitt, Chandler and Paulin, 2011). Contribution of managers to the organization: The managers of any company have a great role in the smooth running, profits maximization of any company. As the observation skills are among the vital skills of the managers, they should properly utilize their observation skills before taking any decision. Mangers also have to understand the employees point of view before taking any decision against him. Every successful manger is a great leader (MANAGER., 1941). As a leader, mangers should properly communicate with their employees and also motivate them to their work such that the company can obtain better performance from them. The effective communication with the staffs of the company also helps the company to perform better (Vitale, 2003). The managers should take fair and ethical decision and also they should not be partial to any of their employees. In the first case of the manger of the Richmond Company dismiss a comparatively less valuable employee of the company without pay attention his argument. But when the manger gets k now about the Henry, the chief operating officer of the company doing the same offence, he decides to think again about his decision of dismissing the lower rank employees. In this case, using his observing skills the manager decides to take proper decision as per the real situation. In the second case, the manager is also worried about the performance of the employees as she knows that employees performance is most vital for the improvement of the business. So, in both the cases, the skills of the managers help the company to get rid of the unexpected situation and this also shows the mangers involvement in improving the performance of the company. Productive and positive relation with the employees The manager needs to be an ever present figure in the mind of the employees of the organization and the manager should be helpful and observant of the employees. So there is the skill set of the managers that has been described before in the essay to make sure that the employees understand the implication of the steps taken by the mangers and the reasons of the steps and the manager should appear unbiased in the eyes of an employee and he should be a figure of perfection of the organizational culture and decorum. There is also the practice of the employees which makes the managers a larger than life figure and if the manager flaunts his hold over the employees and his power is exercised carelessly it could sow the seeds of dissent in the minds of the employees. So a manager needs to be a figure of perfect unbiased behavior that makes the employees understands that the manager is an example to be followed and his decisions are based on the wellbeing of the employees as well as the org anization. So the employees of any organization and the manger needs to have a good working relationship where the manager is an approachable figure who will be willing to listen to the problems of the employees and the employees can approach him for instructions on the operations of the organization and if anyone is unclear of their role in the organization they can approach the manager for assistance (MANAGER., 1941). So the role of the manager is to remain above the normal operations of the organization but be aware of all the staff and their skills and the steps taken by them to make sure that the employees understand that the manager is their guide and not their observer. Then the employees can have good and productive relationship with the manager and the people of the organization will be aware of the fact that the manager is aware of their action. This relation is based on the cooperation of the staff and the manager and the employees of the organization and the performance of the organization will both benefit from the role of the manager if it is fulfilled carefully. So the relation between the manager and the employees is dependent on the approach of the manager and his method of controlling the workforce and guiding their efforts in the right path. So the effort of the manager is unbiased and sympathetic then the relation of the manager and the employees will prosper (Vitale, 2003). Conclusion: The desired skills of the managers that are needed for improving the performance of the company are discussed in this paper. All managers have to utilize their observing power to take proper decision for the company as well as employees. In the given two cases, the respective managers are concerned for the performance of the company and also they properly utilize their observing power to take appropriate decision for the company. The effective communication between the mangers and their employees also helps the managers to understand the perspectives of the employees and they also are able to motivate their employees to their work such that the performance of the company gets increased. References Belker, L. and Topchik, G. (2005).The first-time manager. New York, N.Y.: AMACOM. Blanchard, K., Zigarmi, P. and Zigarmi, D. (1985).Leadership and the one minute manager. New York: Morrow. Hazlitt, W., Chandler, D. and Paulin, T. (2011).The manager. Cambridge: ProQuest LLC. MANAGER., (1941).The Manager To-Day, etc. London. Vitale, A. (2003).Manager. Broomall, Pa.: Mason Crest Publishers. Bond, M. and Holland, S. (2011).Skills of clinical supervision for nurses. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill. Buckingham, M. and Coffman, C. (2000).First, break all the rules. New York, NY.: Simon Schuster. Rae, L. (1984).The skills of training. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower. Rae, L. (1989).The skills of interviewing. New York: Nichols Pub. Co.